Cervical Cancer Doesn’t Have to Be Deadly—Prevention Starts Now

Each year, more than 13,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and over 4,200 die from it. But as Legacy’s Dr. Rachel Robinson Scott explains, many of these cases can be prevented through early detection and regular screening, making awareness and access to care more important than ever.

What Causes Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer begins in the cells of the cervix—the lower part of the uterus. In nearly all cases, it’s linked to certain high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), a very common sexually transmitted infection. While most HPV infections go away on their own, some can persist and cause abnormal cell changes that may eventually lead to cancer.

Because of this strong connection, increasing awareness about HPV and encouraging vaccination are key steps in preventing cervical cancer.

The Importance of Pap Smears and HPV Testing

Experts recommend that anyone with a cervix start getting Pap smears at age 21. From ages 30 to 65, the best approach is to combine both a Pap and HPV test every five years. However, screening rates remain a challenge.

According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, only 81% of women aged 21-65 have had a recent Pap smear, and screening rates are lower among women of color—highlighting a critical need for education and improved access to screenings.

Amy Graves, Nurse Practitioner (NP) at Legacy Community Health, emphasizes the importance of patient education: “As a provider, I try and take the time to educate each patient as best I can in a manner that they best understand. Knowledge is power, and with that, they can make informed decisions and seek regular annual healthcare.”

New Screening Option: HPV Self-Collection

A new self-collection method is changing the way some people get screened. In Texas, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Su Clinica launched a pilot program allowing patients to collect their own HPV samples in clinical settings.

Recently approved by the FDA, self-collection is less invasive and may help increase screening rates among people who’ve faced cultural, emotional, or logistical barriers to traditional exams.

Why Black Women Are Disproportionately Affected

Cervical cancer doesn’t impact all communities equally. As BlackDoctor.org reports, black women are 41% more likely to be diagnosed with cervical cancer and 75% more likely to die from it than white women.

Several factors contribute to the disparities in cervical cancer rates, including:

• Limited access to care and follow-up: Many women, especially those in rural or underserved areas, don’t have easy access to regular screenings or necessary treatments.
• Medical mistrust and bias: Unfortunately, Black women have faced systemic discrimination in healthcare, which often results in delayed diagnoses and care.
• Delays in HPV information: Without clear and comprehensive education about HPV, many communities might not fully understand the importance of vaccination and regular screening.
• Barriers to vaccination and screening: For Black women, logistical challenges—like transportation or finding affordable care—can make it harder to get vaccinated or screened, especially in lower-income or rural areas.

“At Legacy, we understand that there are many cultural and emotional barriers that prevent individuals from seeking regular cervical cancer screenings,” says Graves. “That’s why we offer services like interpreters and transportation to help overcome these obstacles.”

Preventing Cervical Cancer

The HPV vaccine is a powerful tool in the fight against cervical cancer. It’s recommended starting at age 9, and up to age 45 for those who haven’t yet been vaccinated. The vaccine protects against the most dangerous HPV strains.

Other preventive steps include:

• Practicing safe sex (e.g., using condoms)
• Quitting smoking, which weakens the immune response
• Staying up to date with screenings
• Following up quickly if results are abnormal

“Inability to communicate, fear, and bad experiences in the past can all prevent individuals from seeking screenings,” says Graves. “As a provider, I work to establish that relationship early on, ensuring they feel comfortable and supported through the process.”

Everyone Has a Role to Play

HPV and cervical cancer aren’t just women’s issues. Men can carry and spread HPV, and can benefit from the vaccine too. They also play an important role in encouraging and supporting the women in their lives to get screened and vaccinated.

“Open conversations with partners about vaccination and testing are key,” said Dr. Joyce Idehen with BlackDoctor.org. “Awareness shouldn’t just fall on women.”

Legacy Is Here for You

Cervical cancer is preventable. Let’s make sure everyone has the chance to prevent it. For individuals who have missed regular screenings or vaccinations, Legacy provides support to catch up during the visit, offering education and assistance with scheduling appointments.

If cost or insurance is a barrier, Legacy offers low- or no-cost care, including screenings and vaccinations. To schedule an appointment with a Legacy provider or OB/GYN, call 832-548-5000 or visit www.legacycommunityhealth.org.